The Effect of GeoGebra on Students’ Abilities to Study Calculus

Table 6

Overall descriptive statistics of achievement in differential calculus of the two groups (conceptual and procedural understanding) before treatment.

		Student’s proficiency within groups
Groups		Pretest conceptual	Pretest procedural
Experimental	Mean	16.333	10.667
	N	30	30
	Std. deviation	6.557	5.833
Control	Mean	13.889	12.778
	N	36	36
	Std. deviation	7.281	5.909
Total	Mean	15.000	11.818
	N	66	66
	Std. deviation	7.016	5.925