A Descriptive Survey of Teachers’ Perception of Triggers in Examination Malpractices: The Case of Public Examinations in Zambia

Table 4

Learner factors.

Factors	Examination malpractice?			Frequency	Percent
	Yes	No	Not sure
Lack of preparation for examinations	46	32	14	92	33.0
Secure a place at the next level	15	6	3	24	8.6
Fear of failure	22	11	6	39	14.0
Laziness and absenteeism	31	12	5	48	17.2
Peer pressure	8	10	4	22	7.9
Pressure from school/competition	4	5	1	10	3.6
Lack of self confidence	8	19	4	31	11.1
Pressure from parents/community	4	7	2	13	4.7
Total	138	102	39	279	100.0