The Comparative Effect of Online Instruction, Flipped Instruction, and Traditional Instruction on Developing Iranian EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Knowledge
Table 5
Post hoc Scheffe test and multiple comparisons (posttest of vocabulary).
(I) groups
(J) groups
Mean difference (I-J)
Std. errors
Sig.
95% confidence interval
Lower bound
Upper bound
Traditional
Online
−2.56
0.35
0.00
−3.44
−1.68
Flipped
−4.13
0.35
0.00
−5.01
−3.25
Online
Traditional
2.56
0.35
0.00
1.68
3.44
Flipped
−1.56
0.35
0.00
−2.44
−.68
Flipped
Traditional
4.13
0.35
0.00
3.25
5.01
Online
1.56
0.35
0.00
0.68
2.44
The mean differences are significant at the 0.05 level.
