MALL and EFL Learners’ Speaking: Impacts of Duolingo and WhatsApp Applications on Speaking Accuracy and Fluency

Table 10

Post hoc Scheffe test, multiple comparisons (accuracy posttests).

(I) groups	(J) groups	Mean difference (I−J)	Std. error	Sig.	95% confidence interval
					Lower bound	Upper bound
CG	Duolingo	−1.96	0.57	0.00	−3.39	−0.54
	WhatsApp	−2.56	0.57	0.00	−3.99	−1.14
Duolingo	CG	1.96	0.57	0.00	0.54	3.39
	WhatsApp	−0.60	0.57	0.57	−2.02	0.82
WhatsApp	CG	2.56	0.57	0.00	1.14	3.99
	Duolingo	0.60	0.57	0.57	−0.82	2.02

The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.