MALL and EFL Learners’ Speaking: Impacts of Duolingo and WhatsApp Applications on Speaking Accuracy and Fluency

Table 2

Inferential statistics of the speaking fluency pretest.

	Sum of squares	Df	Mean square	F	Sig.
Between groups	17.26	2	8.63	2.31	0.10
Within groups	324.33	87	3.72
Total	341.60	89