MALL and EFL Learners’ Speaking: Impacts of Duolingo and WhatsApp Applications on Speaking Accuracy and Fluency

Table 7

Inferential statistics of the speaking accuracy pretest.

	Sum of squares	Df	Mean square	F	Sig.
Between groups	12.28	2	6.14	1.55	0.21
Within groups	344.20	87	3.95
Total	356.48	89