A Comparative Study of Pejoration in English and Egyptian Vernacular Arabic from a Historical-Sociolinguistic Approach

Table 4

Metaphorical extension and pejoration.

	Original meaning	Conceptual metaphor of animals and pejoration
Ex. 1	Būmah (owl)	Būmah (owl) is a symbol of pessimism
Ex. 2	Mi’azah (goat)	Mi’azah (goat) is a metaphor for an ugly woman in Egyptian culture
Ex. 3	Kalbah, doggess	Kalbah, doggess, which is a metaphor for vicious, immoral, and bitch