The Effectiveness of a Gamified Electronic Application in Developing Reading Comprehension Abilities among First-Grade Intermediate Students in Saudi Arabia

Table 1

Game elements.

Element	Meaning
(1) Points	Players acquire them.
(2) Rewards	Players exchange points to get them.
(3) Badges	To show achievements to peers.
(4) Leaderboards	They contain a table with the high scores achieved; these show the players’ progress and motivation to compete.
(5) Levels or stages	They start with the starting stage, and then the player moves to the next step based on the participation or use of the desired mode.
(6) Challenges	Challenges provide missions for players to achieve and then reward them.
(7) Virtual goods	They are bought by default, through the points gained, and when the player spends them, he tries to get more points.
(8) Integration and accessibility	Mergers are concerned with the player’s first reaction to the game, so, in many games, there are educational clips aimed at guiding players in the first minutes of playing, and, in the absence of detailed instructions, the initial levels play the role of the teacher, which is usually straightforward, and the aim is to introduce the concepts of the game one by one.
(9) Immediate feedback	The player’s selection results or his actions appear during the game immediately after his decision.
(10) The proposal character as an avatar	Some games offer a virtual character representing the human personality within the game, where other players can see it, and their design varies from using 3D techniques to abstract symbols and is designed to allow personal expression and creativity.
(11) The rules	They are binding limits in the game to keep the game under control, like the number of players in a game.
(12) Feelings	Curiosity, competition, frustration, and happiness.
(13) Progress	Player growth and development.
(14) Relationships	Social interactions generate feelings of intense friendship, status, and altruism.
(15) Aesthetics	Aesthetics, art, and visual elements are part of every game.
(16) Objectives	An essential part of the game, the player either achieves them or fails to achieve them at the end.
(17) The story	This element provides significance and meaning to the experience and the context for implementing the tasks.
(18) Time	It is used to motivate players to play.
(19) Attention curve	It is the flow and sequence of events during playing time to sustain the player’s interest.
(20) Repeat or second chance	This option gives the player permission to lose.