The Effects of Task-Based Speaking Tasks on Iranian University Students Willingness to Communicate and Self-Efficacy in Online Classes: A Mixed-Methods Study

Table 3

Descriptive statistics for both groups in two time points.

Groups		N	Mean	Std. deviation	Skewness	Kurtosis
Pre	Con.	30	1.50	.68	[1.04 .42]	[.03 .83]
	Exp.	30	1.80	.76	[.36 .42]	[−1.14 .83]
Post	Con.	30	2.67	1.09	[.89 .42]	[1.33 .83]
	Exp.	30	4.80	.48	[−2.49 .42]	[6.05 .83]