The Effects of Task-Based Speaking Tasks on Iranian University Students Willingness to Communicate and Self-Efficacy in Online Classes: A Mixed-Methods Study

Table 6

Descriptive statistics for both groups in two-time points.

Groups		N	Mean	Std. deviation	Skewness	Kurtosis
Pre	Con.	30	1.97	.55	[−.02 .42]	[.62 .83]
	Exp.	30	2.60	.56	[.19 .42]	[−.83 .83]
Post	Con.	30	2.30	.91	[1.07 .42]	[1.66 .83]
	Exp.	30	4.17	.91	[−.35 .42]	[−1.76 .83]