The Effects of Task-Based Speaking Tasks on Iranian University Students Willingness to Communicate and Self-Efficacy in Online Classes: A Mixed-Methods Study

Table 7

Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) comparing posttest scores across groups.

Source	Type III sum of squares	df	MS	F	P	ηp^2
Corrected model	52.55	2	26.27	31.09	.00	.52
Intercept	28.54	1	28.54	33.77	.00	.37
Pre	.29	1	.29	.34	.56	.00
Group	35.96	1	35.96	42.55	.00	.42
Error	48.17	57	.84