Associations between Students’ Test Preparation Strategies and Test Anxiety: Gender, Age, and Parents’ Level of Education as Control Variables

Table 1

Bivariate relationship among the variables.

S/N	Variables	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1	Gender	–	−0.446	0.052	−0.101	0.062	0.091	−0.001	0.121	0.147	0.199	0.122
2	Age		–	−0.112	−0.093	−0.066	−0.085	−0.006	−0.062	−0.082	−0.157	−0.057
3	Mothers’ levels of education			–	0.368	−0.025	0.082	0.066	−0.090	−0.064	−0.023	−0.143
4	Fathers’ levels of education				–	0.060	−0.010	0.003	−0.109	−0.134	−0.048	−0.030
5	Cognitive test preparation					–	0.617	0.355	−0.220	−0.180	−0.041	−0.072
6	Metacognitive test preparation						–	0.443	−0.170	−0.132	−0.081	−0.175
7	Social test preparation							–	−0.067	−0.088	−0.006	−0.075
8	Worry test anxiety subscale								–	0.597	0.577	0.503
9	Cognitive test anxiety subscale									–	0.559	0.469
10	Tension test anxiety subscale										–	0.509
11	Physiological test anxiety subscale											–
	Mean	–	15.99	–	–	24.86	25.42	10.66	13.63	13.88	13.42	11.37
	SD	–	0.85	–	–	5.64	5.12	3.00	3.44	3.56	3.55	3.57
	Kurtosis	–	−0.195	–	–	0.295	−0.098	−0.653	−0.565	−0.207	−0.148	−0.485
	Skewness	–	0.016	–	–	−0.529	−0.216	−0.302	−0.099	−0.487	−0.326	0.088

Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).