Instructional Leadership Practices and Challenges: The Case of Primary School Principals in Liban Jawi Woreda of West Shoa Zone

Table 2

Respondents view on challenges that are not related to instructional leaders themselves.

No.	Item description: school principal as an instructional leader is challenging with	Response	Respondents			Total mean score
			Teachers (n = 114)	Principals (n = 7)	Vice principals (n = 6)
1	Too much administrative works and external responsibilities (very high workload)	Mean	2.44	2.86	2.83	2.48
		SD	0.79	0.69	0.75
2	Absence of adequate support in part of stakeholders (student, teachers, PTA. and KETB) on school affairs	Mean	2.77	2.14	2.50	2.47
		SD	0.79	1.06	0.54
3	Lack of important and adequate professional support from higher bodies (WEO and ZEO)	Mean	3.02	2.86	3.17	3.02
		SD	0.95	0.69	0.40
4	Shortage of qualified and competent teachers	Mean	3.07	3.14	2.83	3.06
		SD	0.77	0.90	1.16
5	Lack of sufficient time	Mean	2.46	2.43	2.17	2.44
		SD	0.92	0.97	0.75
6	Lack of enough provision of financial and material resources	Mean	3.07	3.29	2.67	3.06
		SD	0.83	0.95	0.81

Note: SD, standard deviation; significant level = 0.05; t-critical value = 1.99; mean scores: 1.00–1.80 = no problem, 1.81–2.60 = minor problem, 2.61–3.40 = undecided, 3.41–4.20 = problem, and 4.21–5.00 = serious problem.