Instructional Leadership Practices and Challenges: The Case of Primary School Principals in Liban Jawi Woreda of West Shoa Zone

Table 3

Respondents view on problems that related to instructional leaders themselves.

No.	Item description: school principal as an instructional leader is challenging with	Response	Respondents			Total mean score
			Teachers (n = 114)	Principals (n = 7)	Vice principals (n = 6)
1	Lack of commitment/dedication and interest of work	Mean	3.61	3.20	3.83	3.54
		SD	0.84	0.81	0.40
2	A sense of willingness to follow transparent and participatory working system	Mean	3.74	3.29	3.83	3.62
		SD	0.83	0.48	0.40
3	Lack of sufficient knowledge in education management areas	Mean	3.54	3.44	3.50	3.49
		SD	0.88	0.69	1.04
4	Lack of social skills to work with others	Mean	3.54	3.34	3.83	3.57
		SD	0.90	0.37	0.75
5	Unwillingness to accept opinions of others/lead only by one’s opinions	Mean	3.56	3.71	3.83	3.70
		SD	0.92	0.48	0.75

Note: SD, standard deviation; significant level = 0.05; t-critical value = 1.99; mean scores: 1.00–1.80 = no problem, 1.81–2.60 = minor problem, 2.61–3.40 = undecided, 3.41–4.20 = problem, and 4.21–5.00 = serious problem.