Research Article

Practice Patterns of Medical Oncologists: A Survey of Advance Care Planning in the Outpatient Setting

Table 1

Survey questions.

Questions

(1) What tumour site (s) do you treat?
(2) What is your gender?
(3) How many years have you been in practice as a medical oncologist?
(4) Do you have any formal training in advance care planning or palliative care?
(5) In your opinion, which of the following elements are parts of advance care planning? (MC: designating a substitute decision-maker; determining goals of care in the case of incapacity; deciding about provision of CPR, intubation and ICU admission; disposition of finances/property)
(6) In your outpatient clinical practice, for typical patients, when do you initiate routine discussions about advance care planning? (in the curative vs incurable setting: (MC) visits 1–3; after visit 3, when there are no treatment options left or patient is imminently dying; not routinely)
(7) If you ever bring up advance care planning in your outpatient clinic at the beginning of the treatment trajectory (first 1–3 visits), are their certain patient characteristics that prompt you to initiate the discussion? (in the curative vs incurable setting: (MC) elderly age, poor ECOG, anticipated short prognosis, other (specify); none)
(8) In your opinion, when is the most appropriate time for medical oncologists to initiate advance care planning discussions with their patients? (in the curative vs incurable setting: (MC) visit 1 (consultation); visits 2-3, after visit 3; when the patient initiates it; when patient is admitted to the hospital; when patient is nearing the end of life; medical oncologists should not initiate ACP in this setting)
(9) What are the barriers to initiating advance care planning discussions with patients in the outpatient clinic setting? (MC: not enough time; too much information for the patient; too emotionally difficult for the patient; these discussions shouldn’t occur in a cancer clinic; these discussions should only occur when there are no treatment options left or patient is imminently dying)
(10) If there were no barriers to initiating advance care planning discussions in the outpatient setting, in your opinion, is it desirable to initiate advance care planning discussions with patients within the first 1–3 visits? (yes or no)
(11) In your outpatient practice, what proportion of patients initiate advance care planning discussions with you in each of the following 4 settings? (ECOG 0–2 curative setting; ECOG 0–2 incurable setting; ECOG 3-4 curative setting; ECOG 3-4 incurable setting: (MC) none, few, some, many, all)
(12) In your outpatient practice, among patients who initiate advance care planning discussions with you, when do they typically initiate the discussion in each of the following 4 settings? (ECOG 0–2 curative setting; ECOG 0–2 incurable setting; ECOG 3-4 curative setting; ECOG 3-4 incurable setting: (MC) none, few, some, many, all)

MC: multiple choice. For the remainder of the questions, please assume that our definition of advance care planning is the process of planning for future healthcare decisions including designating a substitute decision-maker, determining goals of care in the case of incapacity, making decisions about heroic measures (CPR, intubation, and ICU admission), and thinking about disposition of finances/property (i.e., writing a will).