Susceptibility of Developing Renal and Lung Cancer in Polycystic Kidney Disease Patients: An Evidence in Reaching Consensus

Table 4

Risk factors for cancer in patients with PKD.

Variables	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis^a
	HR (95% CI)		HR (95% CI)	value
Age^b	1.04 (1.03–1.06)	<0.001	1.04 (91.02−1.06)	<0.001
Male	2.06 (1.27–3.34)	0.003	1.85 (1.14–3.00)	0.012
Charlson comorbidity index score^c	1.13 (1.05–1.23)	0.002
Diabetes mellitus	2.10 (1.35–3.25)	0.001
Hypertension	2.08 (1.27–3.39)	0.003
Chronic kidney disease	0.95 (0.58–1.54)	0.825
Coronary artery disease	2.14 (1.38–3.30)	0.001
Dyslipidemia	1.68 (1.09–2.61)	0.020
Chronic liver disease	2.19 (1.42–3.39)	<0.001	2.03 (1.31–3.13)	0.001
Autoimmune disease	1.18 (0.63–2.23)	0.604
Drug abuse	2.17 (0.68–6.91)	0.189
Outpatient visits, (past 1 year)
≦5 visits	1
6–10 visits	0.72 (0.17–3.02)	0.656
>10 visits	1.39 (0.44–4.41)	0.575
Incoming
Dependent	1
NT 0–19,100	0.90 (0.48–1.67)	0.739
NT 19,100−42,000	0.98 (0.57–1.68)	0.944
>NT 42,000	0.40 (0.12–1.35)	0.139
Urbanization
Level 1	1
Level 2	1.15 (0.72–1.83)	0.552
Level 3	1.10 (0.52–2.33)	0.809
Level 4	Not available

PKD, Polycystic Kidney Disease; 95% CI, 95% Confidence Interval; HR, Hazards Ratio; ^aall factors with on univariate analyses were included in the Cox multivariate analysis. ^bHR for being 1 year older. ^cHR for being 1 score more.