Treatment and Survival in Acute Leukemia: A New South Wales Study Comparing Adolescents and Young Adults with Children and Adults

Table 4

5-year survival (%) and the relative risk of mortality (SHR (95% CI)) associated with treatment in patients aged 0–39 years with acute leukemia in NSW, 2003–2015.

	ALL			AML
	5-year survival^a	Unadjusted SHR^b	Adjusted SHR^b	5-year survival^a	Unadjusted SHR^b	Adjusted SHR^b
Initial treatment start following diagnosis
Within 3 days	85.6	1.00	1.00	77.7	1.00	1.00
>3 days	82.0	1.40 (1.01–1.93)	0.92 (0.65–1.31)	74.4	1.15 (0.78–1.68)	1.14 (0.76–1.74)
Initial treatment type
Chemotherapy only	84.2	1.00	1.00	77.0	1.00	1.00
Chemotherapy + other treats	75.0	1.61 (0.18–14.10)	0.58 (0.06–5.49)	54.3	2.10 (1.18–3.73)	2.34 (1.27–4.32)
Having treatment within 12 months after diagnosis
Yes	84.3	1.00	1.00	76.0	1.00	1.00
No	62.1	3.20 (1.52–6.73)	2.48 (1.01–6.10)	53.9	2.53 (1.68–3.82)	2.85 (1.80–4.54)
Treatment type within 12 months following diagnosis
Chemotherapy only	87.5	1.00	1.00	82.0	1.00	1.00
Chemotherapy + other treats	71.0	2.58 (1.84–3.59)	1.69 (1.13–2.53)	66.2	2.05 (1.42–2.96)	2.11(1.45–3.07)

^a% of 5-year leukemia survival from Kaplan-Meier product-limit disease-specific estimates; date of censoring of live cases - Dec 31, 2015. ^bSub-hazard ratio (SHR) for leukemia mortality from competing risk regression analysis using death of other causes other than leukemia as competing risk; adjusted SHR from multivariate competing risk regression adjusted for age, sex, country of birth, residential remoteness, SEIFA quintile, diagnosis period. Abbreviation: ALL-acute lymphoid leukemia; AML-acute myeloid leukemia. ALL and AML based on SEER AYA site recode employed in Australia.