Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Advancements: A Review of Evolving Strategies

Figure 1

Inhibitors of PD-1 and PD-L1 have an effect. Inhibitors of PD-1 or PD-L1 increase T-cell proliferation, activation, and cytokine release, as well as their capacity to attack tumors. The combination of PD-1 and PD-L1 produces T-cell apoptosis, allowing the tumor cells to infiltrate [15].