Pharmacological Management of Esophageal Food Bolus Impaction

Box 1

Causes of esophageal impaction.

Benign

 (i) Poorly masticated food

 (ii) Schatzki ring

 (iii) Esophageal web

 (iv) Peptic stricture

 (v) Postsurgical stricture

 (vi) Eosinophilic Esophagitis

 (vii) Esophageal dysmotility (see Box 2)

 (viii) Neurologic disorders

 (ix) Collagen vascular diseases

 (x) Submucosal mass

 (xi) Paraesophageal hernia

Malignant

 (i) Esophageal cancer

 (ii) Gastric cancer

 (iii) Mediastinal tumors