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| Process | Time point |
| Previous time point | Next time point |
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| Changing injectors | The moment the nurse’s hand touches the old syringe of a dual-syringe PI and prepares to change the injector | The moment the nurse’s hand releases the new syringe of the dual-syringe PI and completes changing the injector |
| Changing catheter | (1) Changing the bottle of normal saline or contrast: the first moment is when the nurse’s hand touches the medical calm or the joint of the catheter and the injector, and the second moment is when the old bottle is placed on the table | (1) Changing the bottle of normal saline or contrast: the first moment is when the nurse’s hand touches the new bottle, and the second moment is when the nurse’s hand touches the button on the PI and prepares to exhaust the air |
| (2) Not changing the bottle: the moment the nurse’s hand touches the joint of the catheter and the injector | (2) Not changing the bottle: the moment the nurse’s hand touches the button on the PI and prepares to exhaust the air. |
| Changing the bottle of normal saline/contrast | The moment the nurse’s hand touches the new bottle | The moment the old bottle is placed on the table |
| Exhausting the air out of the bottle and catheter (only the waiting time of the nurses for the end of exhaust is recorded; the exhaust time for synchronous catheter change and other operations will not be recorded.) | (1) Dual-syringe PI: the moment the nurse’s hand touches the button on the panel of the PI or touches the knob on the bottom of the PI | (1) Dual-syringe PI: the moment the nurse’s hand touches the indwelling needle of the patient or the catheter is placed on the shelf |
| (2) Syringeless PI: the moment the nurse’s hand touches the button on the panel of the PI | (2) Syringeless PI: the moment the machine makes no sound |
| Connecting the catheter to the indwelling needle of the patients | The moment the nurse’s hand touches the indwelling needle of the patient | The moment the nurse’s hand releases the indwelling needle of the patient |
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