The Association between Skull Bone Fractures and the Mortality Outcomes of Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Table 2

Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions of the risk factors for mortality of the patients with traumatic brain injury.

Mortality	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI
Skull fracture (+)	1.9	1.52–2.44	<0.001	1.8	1.35–2.48	<0.001
Gender			0.157
Male	1.2	0.94–1.47		—	—
Female	0.9	0.68–1.06		—	—
Age	1.0	1.02–1.03	<0.001	1.0	1.01–1.02	0.002
Comorbidities
CVA	1.5	1.02–2.29	0.041	1.1	0.69–1.86	0.637
HTN	1.7	1.33–2.06	<0.001	1.1	0.81–1.49	0.541
CAD	2.8	1.93–3.92	<0.001	2.1	1.32–3.31	0.002
CHF	2.2	0.85–5.63	0.106	—	—
DM	1.2	0.92–1.59	0.166	—	—
ESRD	5.0	3.32–7.52	<0.001	4.2	2.46–7.04	<0.001
Trauma mechanisms
Automobile	0.9	0.41–1.93	0.770	—	—
Motorcycle	0.5	0.38–0.60	<0.001	0.8	0.51–1.34	0.442
Bicycle	1.7	1.12–2.51	0.013	1.5	0.80–2.91	0.203
Pedestrian	0.9	0.47–1.61	0.658	—	—
Fall	2.1	1.66–2.57	<0.001	1.2	0.74–1.92	0.483
Strike by/against	0.7	0.41–1.26	0.248	—	—
AIS-head
AIS = 3	0.2	0.11–0.27	<0.001	2.2	0.89–5.46	0.087
AIS = 4	0.5	0.37–0.60	<0.001	4.5	1.76–11.51	0.002
AIS = 5	32.4	25.25–41.64	<0.001	88.4	27.28–286.26	<0.001
ISS	1.3	1.24–1.29	<0.001	1.0	0.97–1.06	0.568

CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; DM, diabetes mellitus; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; HTN, hypertension; ISS, injury severity score; OR, odds ratio.