The Association between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and All-Cause Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: Analysis from the MIMIC-IV Database
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of participants by quartiles of the systemic immune-inflammation index (N = 1181).
Variables
Total
Quartiles of the systemic immune-inflammation index (109/L)
value
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
<667.5
667.5–1243.2
1243.2–2242
>2242
Participants (N)
1181
295
295
295
296
Characteristics
Age, years
69.1 ± 15.6
71.2 ± 15.1
69.3 ± 16.5
67.7 ± 15.0
68.2 ± 15.8
0.035
Female, n (%)
581 (49.2)
144 (48.8)
146 (49.5)
151 (51.2)
140 (47.3)
0.82
Heart rate
83.7 ± 18.7
78.8 ± 16.5
81.7 ± 17.7
84.4 ± 19.3
89.7 ± 19.2
<0.001
MAP, mmHg
76.3 ± 19.3
75.8 ± 18.6
75.2 ± 18.8
78.2 ± 21.0
76.2 ± 18.6
0.282
Respiratory rate
19.2 ± 5.6
18.3 ± 5.0
18.5 ± 4.8
19.7 ± 6.1
20.4 ± 6.0
<0.001
Temperature (°C)
36.8 ± 0.8
36.7 ± 0.7
36.8 ± 0.7
36.8 ± 0.7
36.8 ± 0.9
0.117
SPO2%
97.2 ± 3.7
97.8 ± 2.7
97.3 ± 3.8
96.9 ± 3.8
96.8 ± 4.2
0.003
Comorbidities, n (%)
Hypertension, n (%)
602 (51.0)
152 (51.5)
158 (53.6)
145 (49.2)
147 (49.7)
0.701
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)
613 (51.9)
170 (57.6)
165 (55.9)
160 (54.2)
118 (39.9)
<0.001
Atrial fibrillation, n (%)
450 (38.1)
98 (33.2)
115 (39)
119 (40.3)
118 (39.9)
0.252
Myocardial infarct, n (%)
200 (16.9)
43 (14.6)
50 (16.9)
52 (17.6)
55 (18.6)
0.607
CHF, n (%)
300 (25.4)
68 (23.1)
69 (23.4)
86 (29.2)
77 (26)
0.291
PVD, n (%)
134 (11.3)
36 (12.2)
33 (11.2)
31 (10.5)
34 (11.5)
0.933
Dementia, n (%)
59 (5.0)
18 (6.1)
20 (6.8)
8 (2.7)
13 (4.4)
0.102
CPD, n (%)
233 (19.7)
48 (16.3)
45 (15.3)
72 (24.4)
68 (23)
0.007
Rheumatoid disease, n (%)
35 (3.0)
8 (2.7)
10 (3.4)
5 (1.7)
12 (4.1)
0.373
Peptic ulcer disease, n (%)
18 (1.5)
6 (2)
2 (0.7)
4 (1.4)
6 (2)
0.475
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)
396 (33.5)
109 (36.9)
100 (33.9)
94 (31.9)
93 (31.4)
0.751
Paraplegia, n (%)
592 (50.1)
141 (47.8)
163 (55.3)
159 (53.9)
129 (43.6)
0.015
Malignancy, n (%)
85 (7.2)
19 (6.4)
20 (6.8)
21 (7.1)
25 (8.4)
0.796
Severe liver disease, n (%)
17 (1.4)
7 (2.4)
3 (1)
4 (1.4)
3 (1)
0.437
Renal disease, n (%)
228 (19.3)
61 (20.7)
56 (19)
55 (18.6)
56 (18.9)
0.922
Metastatic solid tumor, n (%)
39 (3.3)
4 (1.4)
9 (3.1)
15 (5.1)
11 (3.7)
0.084
Charlson comorbidity
7.1 ± 2.8
7.2 ± 2.7
7.1 ± 2.7
7.2 ± 3.0
7.0 ± 2.8
0.787
Laboratory
Neutrophils, 109/L
8.7 ± 4.4
5.4 ± 2.8
7.2 ± 2.9
9.7 ± 3.6
12.7 ± 4.3
<0.001
Lymphocytes, 109/L
1.6 ± 0.9
2.3 ± 1.1
1.7 ± 0.7
1.3 ± 0.7
1.0 ± 0.5
<0.001
Platelets, 109/L
226.0 ± 89.2
180.9 ± 77.7
215.4 ± 71.4
223.0 ± 83.2
284.5 ± 90.7
<0.001
WBC, 109/L
10.0 (7.7, 13.6)
7.7 (6.2, 10.1)
8.9 (7.5, 11.1)
11.1 (8.8, 13.8)
13.8 (10.5, 17.6)
<0.001
RBC, mean ± SD
4.1 ± 0.8
4.0 ± 0.8
4.1 ± 0.8
4.2 ± 0.8
4.2 ± 0.8
0.008
Hemoglobin, g/L
12.3 ± 2.4
11.9 ± 2.4
12.3 ± 2.4
12.5 ± 2.3
12.3 ± 2.4
0.032
RDW (%)
14.3 ± 1.9
14.1 ± 1.9
14.3 ± 1.9
14.3 ± 1.8
14.6 ± 2.1
0.007
Anion gap, mmol/L
15.6 ± 4.3
14.6 ± 4.4
15.1 ± 3.7
16.1 ± 4.1
16.6 ± 4.7
<0.001
Bicarbonate, mmol/L
22.9 ± 3.9
23.1 ± 3.7
23.3 ± 3.5
22.5 ± 3.9
22.6 ± 4.5
0.05
Calcium, mg/dL
8.7 ± 0.7
8.8 ± 0.8
8.8 ± 0.6
8.6 ± 0.8
8.6 ± 0.8
<0.001
Chloride, mmol/L
103.1 ± 5.5
104.3 ± 5.2
102.9 ± 5.4
102.8 ± 5.2
102.5 ± 6.0
<0.001
Sodium, mmol/L
138.9 ± 4.5
139.5 ± 4.1
139.0 ± 4.5
138.7 ± 4.1
138.6 ± 5.4
0.098
Potassium, mmol/L
4.3 ± 0.8
4.3 ± 0.7
4.3 ± 0.8
4.3 ± 1.0
4.3 ± 0.8
0.933
Creatinine, mEq/L
1.0 (0.8, 1.3)
1.0 (0.8, 1.3)
0.9 (0.8, 1.2)
1.0 (0.8, 1.3)
1.0 (0.8, 1.4)
0.487
BUN, mg/dL
18.0 (14.0, 26.0)
18.0 (14.0, 26.0)
18.0 (12.0, 25.0)
18.0 (14.0, 26.0)
20.0 (14.5, 30.0)
0.043
Glucose, mg/dL
126.0 (104.0, 166.0)
114.0 (96.5, 143.0)
117.0 (101.0, 154.0)
127.0 (106.0, 165.5)
148.0 (119.0, 193.2)
<0.001
ALT, U/L
20.0 (14.0, 31.0)
18.0 (13.0, 26.8)
19.0 (13.0, 28.0)
21.0 (14.0, 33.0)
22.0 (16.0, 39.0)
0.001
AST, U/L
27.0 (19.0, 43.0)
25.0 (19.0, 37.0)
25.0 (19.0, 39.0)
29.0 (19.0, 45.0)
29.0 (20.0, 53.0)
0.002
INR
1.1 (1.0, 1.3)
1.1 (1.0, 1.3)
1.1 (1.0, 1.3)
1.2 (1.1, 1.3)
1.1 (1.1, 1.3)
0.02
PT seconds
12.5 (11.4, 14.4)
12.4 (11.3, 14.5)
12.2 (11.3, 13.9)
12.8 (11.6, 14.6)
12.7 (11.7, 14.4)
0.002
PTT seconds
28.8 (25.7, 32.1)
29.8 (26.2, 33.0)
28.4 (25.7, 32.0)
28.7 (25.3, 33.0)
28.3 (25.7, 31.8)
0.031
Drugs use and treatment, n (%)
Warfarin, n (%)
271 (22.9)
60 (20.3)
67 (22.7)
75 (25.4)
69 (23.3)
0.534
NOAC, n (%)
152 (12.9)
44 (14.9)
45 (15.3)
39 (13.2)
24 (8.1)
0.035
Antiplatelet agents, n (%)
897 (76.0)
221 (74.9)
224 (75.9)
236 (80)
216 (73)
0.235
MV, n (%)
441 (37.3)
95 (32.2)
87 (29.5)
111 (37.6)
148 (50)
<0.001
PEGJ, n (%)
88 (7.5)
7 (2.4)
18 (6.1)
22 (7.5)
41 (13.9)
<0.001
Scoring systems
APS III
48.4 ± 24.4
43.1 ± 22.4
44.3 ± 22.0
47.3 ± 22.8
58.9 ± 27.0
<0.001
SAPS II
34.8 ± 13.4
33.4 ± 13.0
33.3 ± 13.7
34.4 ± 12.7
38.0 ± 13.7
<0.001
OASIS
33.8 ± 9.3
31.8 ± 8.9
32.7 ± 9.1
33.6 ± 8.8
37.2 ± 9.6
<0.001
LODS days
4.0 (2.0, 7.0)
4.0 (1.5, 6.0)
4.0 (2.0, 6.0)
4.0 (2.0, 7.0)
5.0 (3.0, 8.0)
<0.001
SOFA
4.0 (2.0, 7.0)
4.0 (2.0, 6.0)
4.0 (2.0, 6.0)
4.0 (2.0, 6.5)
5.0 (3.0, 7.0)
<0.001
GCS
10.8 ± 3.8
11.5 ± 3.6
11.2 ± 3.6
10.8 ± 3.8
9.5 ± 4.0
<0.001
HASBLED
1.4 (1.0, 1.8)
1.0 (1.0, 2.0)
1.0 (1.0, 2.0)
1.0 (1.0, 2.0)
1.0 (1.0, 2.0)
0.332
LOS.ICU
3.7 (1.9, 7.4)
3.1 (1.8, 6.1)
3.2 (1.9, 6.8)
3.8 (2.0, 8.3)
4.4 (2.3, 9.1)
<0.001
LOS.hospital
8.7 (4.8, 15.8)
7.3 (4.0, 13.2)
8.3 (4.6, 14.8)
9.0 (5.2, 17.4)
11.2 (5.5, 18.8)
<0.001
Death, n (%)
ICU mortality, n (%)
134 (11.3)
21 (7.1)
20 (6.8)
40 (13.6)
53 (17.9)
<0.001
30-day mortality, n (%)
208 (17.6)
31 (10.5)
35 (11.9)
53 (18)
89 (30.1)
<0.001
90-day mortality, n (%)
226 (19.1)
34 (11.5)
38 (12.9)
61 (20.7)
93 (31.4)
<0.001
Data were expressed as mean ± SD/median (interquartile ranges (IQR)) for continuous variables and percentage for categorical variables. SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SPO2, saturation of percutaneous oxygen; CHF, congestive heart failure; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; CPD, chronic pulmonary disease; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; INR, international normalized ratio; PT, prothrombin time; PTT, partial thromboplastin time; MV, mechanical ventilation; PEGJ, percutaneous gastrojejunostomy; NOAC, new oral anticoagulants; APS III, acute physiology score III; SAPS II, simplified acute physiology score; OASIS, Oxford acute severity of illness score; LODS, logistic organ dysfunction score; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; LOS.ICU, length of stay in the ICU; LOS.hospital, length of stay in the hospital.
