A Machine Learning-Based Study of the Effects of Air Pollution and Weather in Respiratory Disease Patients Visiting Emergency Departments

Table 4

Analysis of the correlation between respiratory disease patients’ ED visit and air pollution and weather variables.

KOICD

Time Lag

R2

Important Variables

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

J00-06

0

0·778

NO2 (mean, 0)

ste_NO2_0

PM10 (std, 0)

Wind direction (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 0)

Temperature (std, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

CO (std, 0)

Humidity (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

0,1

0·8752

SO2 (mean, 1)

ste_NO2_0

NO2 (mean, 0)

PM10 (std, 0)

Wind direction (mean, 0)

Temperature (std, 0)

PM10 (std, 1)

CO (std, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

Temperature (std, 1)

0,1,2

0·8233

NO2 (std, 0)

SO2 (mean, 2)

NO2 (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 1)

PM10 (std, 0)

Wind direction (mean, 0)

Temperature (std, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

Wind speed (std, 2)

0,1,2,3

0·882

NO2 (std, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 1)

SO2 (mean, 3)

SO2 (mean, 2)

PM10 (std, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

Wind direction (mean, 0)

Temperature (std, 0)

std_CO_ 0

J09-11

0

0·9504

Temperature (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (std, 0)

CO (std, 0)

CO (mean, 0)

PM10 (mean, 0)

SO2 (std, 0)

Humidity (mean, 0)

Wind direction (mean, 0)

0,1

0·9529

Temperature (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 1)

SO2 (mean, 1)

Steam pressure (std, 0)

SO2 (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (std, 1)

CO (std, 1)

CO (mean, 1)

0,1,2

0·9544

Temperature (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 2)

Temperature (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 2)

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 1)

SO2 (mean, 2)

SO2 (mean, 1)

Steam pressure (std, 1)

Steam pressure (std, 2)

0,1,2,3

0·882

NO2 (std, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 1)

SO2 (mean, 3)

SO2 (mean, 2)

PM10 (std, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

Wind direction (mean, 0)

Temperature (std, 0)

std_CO_ 0

J12-18

0

0·3447

Steam Pressure (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 0)

CO (mean, 0)

PM10 (mean, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 0)

CO (std, 0)

Humidity (mean, 0)

O3 (std, 0)

Steam Pressure (std, 0)

0,1

0·3672

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 1)

CO (mean, 1)

SO2 (mean, 1)

CO (mean, 0)

O3 (mean, 1)

O3 (mean, 0)

PM10 (mean, 1)

0,1,2

0·3858

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 2)

Steam pressure (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 2)

Temperature (mean, 1)

CO (mean, 2)

CO (mean, 1)

CO (mean, 0)

O3 (mean, 1)

0,1,2,3

0·3941

Steam pressure (mean, 2)

Temperature (mean, 3)

Steam pressure (mean, 3)

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 2)

Temperature (mean, 0)

CO (mean, 3)

CO (mean, 1)

J20-22

0

0·913

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

O3 (std, 0)

Humidity (mean, 0)

CO (std, 0)

PM10 (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (std, 0)

0,1

0·8325

Steam pressure (mean, 1)

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 1)

O3 (mean, 0)

CO (mean, 1)

SO2 (mean, 1)

NO2 (mean, 0)

O3 (std, 0)

O3 (mean, 1)

0,1,2

0·9067

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 1)

Steam pressure (mean, 2)

Temperature (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 2)

O3 (mean, 0)

CO (mean, 2)

SO2 (mean, 2)

mean_PM10_

0,1,2,3

0·898

Steam pressure (mean, 1)

Steam pressure (mean, 3)

Temperature (mean, 3)

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 2)

O3 (mean, 0)

CO (mean, 3)

SO2 (mean, 3)

CO (mean, 2)

PM10 (mean, 3)

J30-39

0

0·814

NO2 (mean, 0)

Wind Speed (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 0)

Steam Pressure (mean, 0)

NO2 (std, 0)

SO2 (mean, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

SO2 (std, 0)

Temperature (std, 0)

PM10 (std, 0)

0,1

0·8772

NO2 (mean, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 0)

NO2 (std, 0)

SO2 (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 1)

O3 (mean, 0)

CO (mean, 1)

SO2 (mean, 1)

NO2 (mean, 0)

O3 (std, 0)

0,1,2

0·8772

NO2 (mean, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 0)

NO2 (std, 0)

PM10 (mean, 2)

Temperature (mean, 1)

SO2 (std, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

NO2 (std, 1)

Temperature (std, 2)

Temperature (std, 0)

0,1,2,3

0·8213

NO2 (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 0)

NO2 (std, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

NO2 (std, 1)

SO2 (std, 0)

PM10 (std, 0)

Steam pressure (std, 0)

PM10 (std, 3)

J40-47

0

0·9008

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 0)

PM10 (mean, 0)

PM10 (std, 0)

Humidity (mean, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 0)

Wind speed (std, 0)

CO (std, 0)

0,1

0·8598

Temperature (mean, 1)

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 0)

PM10 (mean, 1)

PM10 (mean, 0)

PM10 (std, 0)

SO2 (mean, 1)

Wind speed (mean, 0)

CO (std, 1)

0,1,2

0·9005

Temperature (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 2)

Steam Pressure (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 0)

Steam Pressure (mean, 2)

Steam Pressure (mean, 1)

PM10 (mean, 2)

PM10 (mean, 1)

SO2 (mean, 2)

CO (mean, 2)

0,1,2,3

0·87

Temperature (mean, 3)

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 2)

Steam pressure (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 1)

Steam pressure (mean, 2)

Steam pressure (mean, 3)

Temperature (mean, 0)

PM10 (mean, 3)

PM10 (mean, 1)

J60-70

0

0·0789

CO (mean, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

CO (std, 0)

Precipitation (std, 0)

Humidity (std, 0)

Precipitation (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 0)

Humidity (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 0)

Wind direction (std, 0)

0,1

0·0832

CO (mean, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

Precipitation (std, 0)

Precipitation (mean, 0)

Humidity (std, 0)

CO (std, 0)

Wind speed (std, 1)

CO (mean, 1)

Wind direction (mean, 1)

SO2 (mean, 1)

0,1,2

0·0911

CO (mean, 0)

Precipitation (std, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 2)

Steam pressure (std, 2)

Precipitation (mean, 0)

Humidity (std, 2)

CO (std, 0)

SO2 (mean, 2)

O3 (std, 2)

0,1,2,3

0·0933

NO2 (mean, 0)

CO (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (std, 2)

Precipitation (std, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 2)

std_CO_ 0

Humidity (std, 2)

Humidity (std, 0)

Precipitation (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 3)

J80-84

0

0·0991

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 0)

PM10 (mean, 0)

std_C0_0

NO2 (mean, 0)

std__NO2_0

O3 (mean, 0)

Humidity (std, 0)

Wind direction (mean, 0)

CO (mean, 0)

0,1

0·1092

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 1)

Steam pressure (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 0)

SO2 (std, 1)

CO (std, 0)

PM10 (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 1)

O3 (mean, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

0,1,2

0·1197

Steam Pressure (mean, 0)

Steam Pressure (mean, 2)

Temperature (mean, 0)

std_C0_2

Steam Pressure (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 1)

Temperature (mean, 2)

std__SO2_1

CO (std, 0)

NO2 (std, 2)

0,1,2,3

0·1222

Steam pressure (mean, 2)

Temperature (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 1)

Steam pressure (mean, 1)

Steam pressure (mean, 3)

SO2 (std, 1)

Temperature (mean, 2)

CO (std, 2)

Temperature (mean, 0)

J85-86

0

0·0757

Humidity (std, 0)

PM10 (std, 0)

NO2 (std, 0)

Steam pressure (std, 0)

PM2·5 (mean, 0)

Wind speed (std, 0)

SO2 (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 0)

PM10 (mean, 0)

PM2·5 (std, 0)

0,1

0·079

Humidity (std, 0)

Temperature (std, 1)

PM10 (std, 0)

NO2 (std, 0)

SO2 (mean, 1)

Humidity (std, 1)

Steam pressure (std, 0)

Wind speed (std, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 1)

0,1,2

0·0803

PM10 (std, 2)

Temperature (std, 1)

Humidity (std, 0)

PM10 (std, 0)

NO2 (std, 0)

Steam pressure (std, 0)

PM2·5 (std, 2)

Wind speed (mean, 1)

SO2 (mean, 1)

CO (mean, 2)

0,1,2,3

0·0858

PM10 (std, 2)

Humidity (std, 0)

Temperature (std, 1)

NO2 (std, 0)

mean_CO_ 3

PM10 (std, 0)

Steam pressure (std, 0)

Wind speed (std, 3)

PM2·5 (std, 2)

NO2 (mean, 0)

J90-94

0

0·0948

NO2 (std, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

Wind Speed (mean, 0)

Temperature (mean, 0)

CO (std, 0)

Wind Direction (std, 0)

Precipitation (std, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

Steam Pressure (mean, 0)

O3 (std, 0)

0,1

0·3804

NO2 (std, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 0)

Wind direction (std, 1)

Wind speed (std, 0)

Humidity (std, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

Temperature (std, 0)

CO (mean, 1)

Wind direction (std, 0)

0,1,2

0·3993

NO2 (std, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 0)

NO2 (std, 2)

Wind speed (std, 0)

CO (std, 0)

Wind direction (std, 1)

Humidity (std, 0)

Wind direction (std, 0)

Steam pressure (mean, 0)

0,1,2,3

0·6921

NO2 (std, 0)

NO2 (mean, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 0)

NO2 (std, 2)

O3 (mean, 0)

O3 (std, 3)

NO2 (std, 3)

Wind direction (std, 1)

Wind direction (std, 0)

Wind speed (std, 0)

J95-99

0

0·1029

SO2 (mean, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 0)

SO2 (std, 0)

O3 (mean, 0)

Wind direction (mean, 0)

Wind direction (std, 0)

Humidity (mean, 0)

Steam pressure (std, 0)

PM10 (mean, 0)

CO (mean, 0)

0,1

0·7786

SO2 (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 1)

Wind direction (std, 1)

Wind direction (mean, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 1)

Steam pressure (std, 1)

SO2 (std, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 0)

CO (mean, 1)

PM10 (std, 0)

0,1,2

0·8723

SO2 (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 1)

SO2 (mean, 2)

Wind speed (mean, 2)

Wind speed (mean, 1)

Wind direction (mean, 0)

Wind direction (std, 1)

Wind speed (std, 2)

CO (mean, 1)

Steam pressure (std, 1)

0,1,2,3

0·8743

SO2 (mean, 3)

SO2 (mean, 1)

SO2 (mean, 0)

SO2 (mean, 2)

Wind speed (mean, 3)

Wind direction (mean, 0)

Wind speed (mean, 1)

Wind speed (mean, 2)

Wind direction (std, 1)

PM2·5 (std, 3)

CO, carbon monoxide; NO₂, nitrogen dioxide; O₃, ozone; PM, Particulate matter; SO2, sulfur dioxide.