Research Article

Etiology of Emergency Visit and In-Hospital Outcomes of Patients with COPD

Table 1

Demographics, baseline, and comorbidity data of the patients.

Patients (N  = 392)

Age, (median, range)78 (70–84)

Male, n (%)302 (77.0)

Current and former smokers, n (%)318 (81.1)

LTOT, n (%)100 (25.5)

Medications for COPD
 ICS + LABA + LAMA94 (24.0)
 Theophylline + ICS + LABA + LAMA70 (17.9)
 LAMA38 (9.7)
 ICS + LABA30 (7.7)
 Theophylline + ICS + LABA18 (4.6)
 Theophylline11 (2.8)
 Theophylline + LAMA5 (1.3)

Comorbidity, n (%)
 No comorbidity73 (18.6)
 1 comorbidity82 (20.9)
 2 comorbidities100 (25.5)
 ≥3 comorbidities137 (34.9)
 Hypertension212 (54.1)
 Arrhythmia109 (27.8)
 Coronary artery disease78 (19.9)
 Old MI19 (4.8)
 After PCI22 (5.6)
 Cerebrovascular disease78 (19.9)
 Diabetes mellitus77 (19.6)
 BPH67 (17.1)
 Malignancy53 (13.5)
 Congestive heart failure39 (9.9)
 Asthma35 (8.9)
 CRF26 (6.6)
 Hyperlipidemia25 (6.4)
 GERD19 (4.8)
 Gastric/duodenal ulcers16 (4.1)

LTOT: long-term oxygen therapy; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease; MI: myocardial infarction; CRF: chronic renal failure; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LABA: long-acting β2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; OCS: oral corticosteroid; Ca2 + RA: calcium receptor antagonist; ACE-I: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.