Research Article
Etiology of Emergency Visit and In-Hospital Outcomes of Patients with COPD
Table 1
Demographics, baseline, and comorbidity data of the patients.
| | | Patients (N = 392) |
| | Age, (median, range) | 78 (70–84) |
| | Male, n (%) | 302 (77.0) |
| | Current and former smokers, n (%) | 318 (81.1) |
| | LTOT, n (%) | 100 (25.5) |
| | Medications for COPD | | ICS + LABA + LAMA | 94 (24.0) | | Theophylline + ICS + LABA + LAMA | 70 (17.9) | | LAMA | 38 (9.7) | | ICS + LABA | 30 (7.7) | | Theophylline + ICS + LABA | 18 (4.6) | | Theophylline | 11 (2.8) | | Theophylline + LAMA | 5 (1.3) |
| | Comorbidity, n (%) | | No comorbidity | 73 (18.6) | | 1 comorbidity | 82 (20.9) | | 2 comorbidities | 100 (25.5) | | ≥3 comorbidities | 137 (34.9) | | Hypertension | 212 (54.1) | | Arrhythmia | 109 (27.8) | | Coronary artery disease | 78 (19.9) | | Old MI | 19 (4.8) | | After PCI | 22 (5.6) | | Cerebrovascular disease | 78 (19.9) | | Diabetes mellitus | 77 (19.6) | | BPH | 67 (17.1) | | Malignancy | 53 (13.5) | | Congestive heart failure | 39 (9.9) | | Asthma | 35 (8.9) | | CRF | 26 (6.6) | | Hyperlipidemia | 25 (6.4) | | GERD | 19 (4.8) | | Gastric/duodenal ulcers | 16 (4.1) |
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LTOT: long-term oxygen therapy; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia; GERD: gastroesophageal reflux disease; MI: myocardial infarction; CRF: chronic renal failure; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LABA: long-acting β2-agonist; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; OCS: oral corticosteroid; Ca2 + RA: calcium receptor antagonist; ACE-I: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.
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