The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Incidence, Severity, and Management of Acute Appendicitis: A Single Center Experience in Thailand

Table 4

Multivariate analyses of primary and secondary outcomes.

	Relative risk (RR)	95% CI	value
Primary outcome
Gangrenous appendicitis	0.70	0.53–0.92	0.338
Ruptured appendicitis	1.01	0.84–1.19	0.292
Appendiceal abscess	1.14	0.86–1.51	0.979
Appendiceal phlegmon	0.94	0.61–1.44	0.772
Secondary outcome
Prolonged time to surgery^a	1.50	1.29–1.76	0.041
Ventilator use	2.08	1.63–2.65	0.457
ICU admission	1.91	1.43–2.55	0.420
Prolonged LOS^b	1.19	1.03–1.38	0.332
High cost^c	1.34	1.16–1.55	0.075

ICU, invasive care unit; LOS, length of hospital stay. ^a categorized by prolonged time to surgery by the time of patient’s arrival to the operation more than 10 hours (by the median value). ^b categorized to long LOS by admission in hospital more than 3 days (by the median value). ^c categorized as the high cost of treatment by the total cost of treatment of more than 20,000 baht (by the median value). Statistically significant value <0.05.