A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Spinal Anesthesia and Spinal Anesthesia Combined with Obturator Nerve Block in Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors

Table 1

Basic characteristics, intervention measures, outcome indicators, and quality scores of the included literature.

Author	Year	Mean age (years)	Spinal anesthesia method	ONB anesthetic drugs and dose	Approach	Ultrasound guidance/nerve stimulator	Population (E/C)	Follow-up time (mo)	Outcome indicators	Jadad score
Doluoglu et al. [10]	2021	64.6 ± 11.7	Spinal block	1% lidocaine 10 mL	Inguen	Neurostimulation	61/62	32.3 ± 5.3	①②④⑤	4
Tekül et al. [11]	2014	65.8 ± 7.8	Spinal block	0.25% levobupivacaine 10 mL	The pubic tubercle	Neurostimulation	32/36	31.6 ± 5.9	⑤	4
Bolat et al. [12]	2015	67.7 ± 10.5	Spinal block	0.25% levobupivacaine 10 mL	The pubic tubercle	Neurostimulation	35/35	N/A	①②	4
Khorrami et al. [13]	2010	62 ± 11	Spinal block	1% lidocaine 10 mL	Inguen	Neurostimulation	30/30	N/A	⑦	4
Erbay et al. [14]	2017	69.2 (31–89)	Spinal block	1% lidocaine 10 mL	Inguen	Neurostimulation	47/49	36.3 ± 17.2	①②⑤⑥	3
Alavi et al. [15]	2017	67 (50–79)	Spinal block	1% lidocaine 10 mL	The pubic tubercle	Neurostimulation	15/15	N/A	②	4
Yu et al. [16]	2021	61.45 ± 10.36	Spinal epidural	0.5% lidocaine 10 mL	Inguen	Ultrasound guidance	45/45	N/A	①②③④	2
Wu et al. [17]	2016	62.9 (28–84)	Spinal epidural	1% lidocaine 10 mL	Inguen	Ultrasound guidance	50/48	20.71 ± 12.32	①③④⑤	2

E: intervention group, C: control group; N/A: not available; ONB: Obturator nerve block. Outcomes: ①incidence of bladder perforation; ②incidence of obturator reflex; ③indwelling time of urinary catheter; ④length of hospital stay; ⑤tumor recurrence rate during follow-up; ⑥survival rate.