Research Article

Patient and Provider Demographics and the Management of Genitourinary Tract Infections in the Emergency Department

Table 1

Descriptive analysis of patient demographics and clinical characteristics for all encounters by patient’s race.

White (N = 11,995)Asian/other race (N = 638)Black/African American (N = 25,429)Total (N = 38,062)

Age (years)
 18–282,845 (23.7%)277 (43.4%)13,244 (52.1%)16,366 (43.0%)
 29–392,025 (16.9%)165 (25.9%)5,898 (23.2%)8,088 (21.2%)
 40–501,434 (12.0%)80 (12.5%)2,484 (9.8%)3,998 (10.5%)
 51–611,343 (11.2%)57 (8.9%)1,446 (5.7%)2,846 (7.5%)
 ≥624,348 (36.2%)59 (9.2%)2,357 (9.3%)6,764 (17.8%)
Marital status
 Missing45847100
 Single4,320 (36.2%)333 (52.9%)20,603 (81.2%)25,256 (66.5%)
 Married/life partner4,102 (34.3%)247 (39.2%)2,546 (10.0%)6,895 (18.2%)
 Separated/divorced1,448 (12.1%)25 (4.0%)1,257 (5.0%)2,730 (7.2%)
 Widowed2,080 (17.4%)25 (4.0%)976 (3.8%)3,081 (8.1%)
Documented primary care physician
 No6,576 (54.8%)469 (73.5%)19,949 (78.4%)26,994 (70.9%)
 Yes5,419 (45.2%)169 (26.5%)5,480 (21.6%)11,068 (29.1%)
Pregnant
 No11, 406 (95.1%)543 (85.1%)21,421 (84.2%)33,370 (87.7%)
 Yes589 (4.9%)95 (14.9%)4,008 (15.8%)4,692 (12.3%)
Emergency severity index
 Missing207321,1891,428
 1 and 21,063 (9.0%)46 (7.6%)1,104 (4.6%)2,213 (6.0%)
 39,111 (77.3%)448 (73.9%)17,996 (74.2%)27,555 (75.2%)
 4 and 51,614 (13.7%)112 (18.5%)5,140 (21.2%)6,866 (18.7%)
Mechanism of ED arrival
 Missing1124131247
 Private vehicle9,194 (77.4%)534 (84.2%)21,034 (83.1%)30,762 (81.3%)
 EMS/Police2,596 (21.8%)81 (12.8%)3,153 (12.5%)5,830 (15.4%)
 Public transport/on foot93 (0.8%)19 (3.0%)1,111 (4.4%)1,223 (3.2%)
Sex of primary ED provider
 Missing74124203968
 Female3,469 (30.8%)194 (31.6%)8,228 (32.6%)11,891 (32.1%)
 Male7,785 (69.2%)420 (68.4%)16,998 (67.4%)25,203 (67.9%)
Training level of primary ED provider
 Missing8413348445
 Attending only7690 (64.6%)338 (54.1%)11282 (45.0%)19310 (51.3%)
 APP2499 (21.0%)119 (19.0%)5335 (21.3%)7953 (21.1%)
 Attending + Resident1722 (14.5%)168 (26.9%)8464 (33.7%)10354 (27.5%)
Urinalysis performed
 Not performed748 (6.2%)56 (8.8%)2,716 (10.7%)3,520 (9.2%)
 Performed11,247 (93.8%)582 (91.2%)22,713 (89.3%)34,542 (90.8%)
Source of urine sample
 Missing728562,6533,437
 Clean catch/void urine6616 (58.7%)309 (53.1%)8,838 (38.8%)15,763 (45.5%)
 Not documented3,349 (29.7%)249 (42.8%)13,259 (58.2%)16,857 (48.7%)
 Other1,302 (11.6%)24 (4.1%)679 (3.0%)2,005 (5.8%)
Bacteria, urine (0–4+)
 Missing2,8821788,14511,205
 Median (Q1, Q3)1.0 (0.0, 2.0)1.0 (0.0, 2.0)1.0 (0.0, 2.0)1.0 (0.0, 2.0)
Blood, urine (0–3+)
 Missing985673,1774,229
 Median (Q1, Q3)0.0 (0.0, 2.0)0.0 (0.0, 2.0)0.0 (0.0, 1.0)0.0 (0.0, 2.0)
Glucose, urine
 Missing809562,8563,721
 Negative10,369 (92.7%)536 (92.1%)21,256 (94.2%)32,161 (93.7%)
 Positive817 (7.3%)46 (7.9%)1,317 (5.8%)2,180 (6.3%)
Ketones, urine
 Missing818562,8823,756
 Negative9,339 (83.6%)483 (83.0%)18,475 (81.9%)28,297 (82.5%)
 Positive1,838 (16.4%)99 (17.0%)4,072 (18.1%)6,009 (17.5%)
Leukocyte esterase, urine (0–3+)
 Missing1,049663,1854,300
 Median (Q1, Q3)1.0 (0.0, 3.0)1.0 (0.0, 2.0)1.0 (0.0, 2.0)1.0 (0.0, 2.0)
Mucous, urine (0–4+)
 Missing2,9051788,14211,225
 Median (Q1, Q3)0.0 (0.0, 1.0)0.0 (0.0, 1.0)1.0 (0.0, 2.0)0.0 (0.0, 1.0)
Nitrite, urine
 Missing805562,8263,687
 Negative10,020 (89.5%)546 (93.8%)21,102 (93.4%)31,668 (92.1%)
 Positive1,170 (10.5%)36 (6.2%)1,501 (6.6%)2,707 (7.9%)
Protein, urine
 Missing820572,8673,744
 Negative6,878 (61.5%)383 (65.9%)14,734 (65.3%)21,995 (64.1%)
 Positive4,297 (38.5%)198 (34.1%)7,828 (34.7%)12,323 (35.9%)
RBCs, urine (0–101)
 Missing2,9101808,13611,226
 Median (Q1, Q3)2.5 (2.5, 12.5)2.5 (2.5, 12.5)2.5 (2.0, 12.5)2.5 (2.5, 12.5)
Trichomonas, urine
 Missing2,9171788,20911,304
 Not present9033 (99.5%)456 (99.1%)16886 (98.1%)26375 (98.6%)
 Present45 (0.5%)4 (0.9%)334 (1.9%)383 (1.4%)
WBC clumps, urine
 Missing3,026182833211,540
 None8, 121 (90.5%)425 (93.2%)15,817 (92.5%)24,363 (91.9%)
 Present848 (9.5%)31 (6.8%)1,280 (7.5%)2,159 (8.1%)
WBC, urine (0–101)
 Missing2,9691808,12011,269
 Median (Q1, Q3)12.5 (2.5, 36.0)8.0 (2.5, 24.8)8.0 (2.5, 29.0)12.5 (2.5, 36.0)
Yeast, urine
 Missing3,0251808,23811,443
 None8,635 (96.3%)446 (97.4%)16,706 (97.2%)25,787 (96.9%)
 Present335 (3.7%)12 (2.6%)485 (2.8%)832 (3.1%)
Clue cells, wet mount
 No result10,577 (88.2%)426 (66.8%)11,358 (44.7%)22,361 (58.7%)
 None1,038 (8.7%)152 (23.8%)7,603 (29.9%)8,793 (23.1%)
 Present380 (3.2%)60 (9.4%)6,468 (25.4%)6,908 (18.1%)
WBC, wet mount
 No result10,509 (87.6%)423 (66.3%)11,032 (43.4%)21,964 (57.7%)
 ≤101,050 (8.8%)147 (23.0%)9,632 (37.9%)10,829 (28.5%)
 11–100436 (3.6%)68 (10.7%)4,765 (18.7%)5,269 (13.8%)
Yeast, wet mount
 No result10,587 (88.3%)426 (66.8%)11,549 (45.4%)22,562 (59.3%)
 None1,355 (11.3%)195 (30.6%)12,925 (50.8%)14,475 (38.0%)
 Present53 (0.4%)17 (2.7%)955 (3.8%)1,025 (2.7%)
Trichomonas, wet mount
 No result10,588 (88.3%)428 (67.1%)11,539 (45.4%)22,555 (59.3%)
 None1,361 (11.3%)203 (31.8%)12,596 (49.5%)14,160 (37.2%)
 Present46 (0.4%)7 (1.1%)1,294 (5.1%)1,347 (3.5%)
Gonorrhea, NAAT
 No test result10,489 (87.4%)423 (66.3%)10,923 (43.0%)21,835 (57.4%)
 Negative1,489 (12.4%)211 (33.1%)14,051 (55.3%)15,751 (41.4%)
 Positive17 (0.1%)4 (0.6%)455 (1.8%)476 (1.3%)
Chlamydia, NAAAT
 No test result10,489 (87.4%)422 (66.1%)10,931 (43.0%)21,842 (57.4%)
 Negative1,426 (11.9%)203 (31.8%)13,291 (52.3%)14,920 (39.2%)
 Positive80 (0.7%)13 (2.0%)1,207 (4.7%)1,300 (3.4%)
Trichomonas, NAAT
 No test result11,539 (96.2%)569 (89.2%)21,053 (82.8%)33,161 (87.1%)
 Negative439 (3.7%)66 (10.3%)3,978 (15.6%)4,483 (11.8%)
 Positive17 (0.1%)3 (0.5%)398 (1.6%)418 (1.1%)
Diagnosed with a urinary tract infection (UTI in the ED)
 No8,384 (69.9%)496 (77.7%)20,895 (82.2%)29,775 (78.2%)
 Yes3,611 (30.1%)142 (22.3%)4,534 (17.8%)8,287 (21.8%)

^There were 192 encounters with no race provided.