Association between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Short-Term Mortality in Patients with Paralytic Intestinal Obstruction: Retrospective Data Analysis Based on the MIMIC-III Database
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
Characteristic
RDW (%) tertile
value
Low (12.0–14.1)
Middle (14.2–15.7)
High (15.8–23.0)
Number, n
256
257
260
RDW start
13.5 (0.5)
14.9 (0.4)
17.7 (1.7)
<0.001
Age (years)
60.4 (17.4)
65.7 (15.7)
62.3 (14.7)
<0.001
Sex, n (%)
0.797
Male
166 (64.8)
168 (65.4)
163 (62.7)
Female
90 (35.2)
89 (34.6)
97 (37.3)
Admission type, n (%)
0.003
Emergency
192 (75.0)
174 (67.7)
210 (80.8)
Elective
64 (25.0)
83 (32.3)
50 (19.2)
Ethnicity, n (%)
0.047
White
183 (71.5)
201 (78.2)
181 (69.6)
Asian
12 (4.7)
6 (2.3)
4 (1.5)
Black
25 (9.8)
15 (5.8)
31 (11.9)
Others
36 (14.1)
35 (13.6)
44 (16.9)
SBP (mmHg)
120.8 (17.1)
117.9 (16.7)
115.4 (16.8)
0.002
DBP (mmHg)
63.7 (10.4)
60.4 (10.0)
59.8 (10.4)
<0.001
Laboratory parameters
Hematocrit (%)
33.3 (5.4)
31.4 (4.8)
29.6 (4.7)
<0.001
Serum potassium (mEq/L)
4.1 (0.6)
4.2 (0.6)
4.2 (0.6)
0.542
BUN (mg/dL)
17.0 (12.9–25.9)
21.0 (14.0–32.3)
26.2 (16.0–44.5)
<0.001
White blood cell count (K/uL)
11.2 (8.9–15.2)
11.5 (8.3–15.5)
10.1 (6.3–16.9)
0.388
Platelet count (K/uL)
208.5 (160.6–269.2)
209.0 (142.0–286.0)
177.8 (94.2–272.4)
0.009
Hemoglobin (g/dL)
11.4 (1.9)
10.6 (1.7)
9.9 (1.6)
<0.001
Serum glucose (mg/dL)
142.4 (46.4)
139.9 (66.4)
137.0 (45.8)
0.526
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)
0.9 (0.8–1.2)
1.1 (0.8–1.7)
1.2 (0.8–2.1)
<0.001
Serum anion gap (mEq/L)
13.2 (3.3)
13.6 (3.3)
15.0 (4.1)
<0.001
Scoring systems
APS III
43.4 (20.3)
50.3 (21.5)
58.5 (22.6)
<0.001
OASIS
32.1 (9.2)
33.6 (8.7)
34.7 (9.1)
0.003
qSOFA
1.8 (0.7)
1.8 (0.7)
1.9 (0.7)
0.218
MLODS
2.0 (1.0–4.0)
3.0 (2.0–5.0)
4.0 (2.0–5.0)
<0.001
Comorbidities
Congestive heart failure, n (%)
<0.001
No
225 (87.9)
210 (81.7)
180 (69.2)
Yes
31 (12.1)
47 (18.3)
80 (30.8)
Hypertension, n (%)
0.004
No
238 (93.0)
223 (86.8)
217 (83.5)
Yes
18 (7.0)
34 (13.2)
43 (16.5)
Renal failure, n (%)
<0.001
No
237 (92.6)
218 (84.8)
204 (78.5)
Yes
19 (7.4)
39 (15.2)
56 (21.5)
Liver disease, n (%)
<0.001
No
249 (97.3)
237 (92.2)
201 (77.3)
Yes
7 (2.7)
20 (7.8)
59 (22.7)
Coagulopathy, n (%)
<0.001
No
231 (90.2)
212 (82.5)
162 (62.3)
Yes
25 (9.8)
45 (17.5)
98 (37.7)
Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%)
0.545
No
200 (78.1)
205 (79.8)
197 (75.8)
Yes
56 (21.9)
52 (20.2)
63 (24.2)
Pulmonary circulation disease, n (%)
0.008
No
246 (96.1)
241 (93.8)
232 (89.2)
Yes
10 (3.9)
16 (6.2)
28 (10.8)
Time in ICU (days)
3.8 (2.0–9.4)
3.8 (2.0–9.0)
4.0 (2.0–8.1)
0.504
Time in hospital (days)
13.3 (9.2–22.0)
14.7 (9.9–23.9)
17.9 (10.5–32.0)
<0.001
Notes: normally distributed data are presented as the mean (SD) (analysis of variance); nonnormally distributed data are presented as median (IQR) (nonparametric Wilcoxon test); categorical variables are presented as n (%) (Chi-square test). Abbreviations: RDW, red cell distribution width; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; APS III, acute physiology score III; OASIS, Oxford acute severity of illness score; qSOFA, quick sequential organ failure assessment score; MLODS, modified logistic organ dysfunction system; ICU, intensive care unit; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile ranges.