Research Progress on the Mechanism and Management of Septic Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Review

Table 2

Echocardiography parameters of septic cardiomyopathy.

Variables	Thresholds	Strengths	Limitations
LVEF	LVEF < 40%–50%	Physician familiarity, easy to obtain	LVEF depends on loading conditions, quantification varies by “eyeballing”
MAPSE	MAPSE < 11.65 mm	Easy to obtain	Preload and angle dependent, fail to detect regional myocardial abnormalities, vary due to cardiac size
GLS	GLS < −18%–−20%	Independent of loading conditions and angle, more sensitive and less varied	Low feasibility, lack of consensus on thresholds for abnormal values
LV diastolic dysfunction	e′ < 7 cm/s (septal) or <10 cm/s (lateral); E/e′ > 14	Easy to obtain	May be affected by regional wall motion abnormalities and patients’ age
RV dysfunction	TAPSE < 17 cm	Easy to obtain	May be affected by LV dysfunction and tricuspid regurgitation

LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MAPSE, mitral annular plane systolic excursion; GLS, global longitudinal strain; e′, early mitral annular velocity; E, transmitral early filling velocity; TAPSE, tricuspid annular systolic excursion.