Impact of Personal Protective Equipment on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Rescuer Safety
Table 1
Comparison of vital signs across different types of personal protective equipment.
Mean ± standard deviation
value
D-PPE
C-PPE
PAPR
Before-systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
121.4 ± 11.5
122.5 ± 13.8
122.7 ± 13.7
0.797
Before-diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
79.2 ± 8.9
79.9 ± 10.6
80.6 ± 10.2
0.686
Before-heart rate (bpm)
77.2 ± 13.9
80.9 ± 12.2
80.0 ± 11.7
0.102
Before-pulse oximeter (%)
99.3 ± 0.2
99.5 ± 0.2
99.1 ± 0.2
0.072
Before-visual analog fatigue score
2.6 ± 1.6
2.6 ± 1.5
2.5 ± 1.6
0.980
After-systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
135.6 ± 15.9
140.7 ± 17.5
137.7 ± 14.2
0.196
After-diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
81.0 ± 12.5
82.5 ± 11.2
82.5 ± 12.7
0.609
After-heart rate (bpm)
121.6 ± 17.4
126.9 ± 15.5
123.9 ± 19.1
0.047
After-pulse oximeter (%)
98.9 ± 1.0
98.7 ± 1.1
98.6 ± 1.2
0.626
After-visual analog fatigue score
5.1 ± 1.5
6.4 ± 1.6
5.5 ± 1.3
<0.001,¶
Δ-Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)
14.3 ± 12.4
18.1 ± 14.4
14.9 ± 14.1
0.502
Δ-diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)
1.8 ± 8.7
2.6 ± 8.5
1.9 ± 10.2
0.902
Δ-heart rate (bpm)
44.3 ± 15.1
46.0 ± 13.1
43.9 ± 14.8
0.676
Δ-pulse oximeter (%)
−0.4 ± 0.9
−0.7 ± 0.9
−0.3 ± 1.2
0.141
Δ-visual analog fatigue score
2.6 ± 1.3
3.8 ± 1.6
3.0 ± 1.6
<0.001
Δ represents the difference in after-CPR and before-CPR scores. Significant difference between D-PPE and C-PPE with repeated-measures ANOVA. #Significant difference between D-PPE and PAPR with repeated-measures ANOVA. ¶Significant difference between C-PPE and PAPR with repeated-measures ANOVA.
