The Predictive Role of Lactate in the Emergency Department in Patients with Severe Dyspnea
Table 1
Baseline patients’ characteristics.
Death
Survival
value
n = 38
n = 70
Gender (women/men)
20/18 (52.6%/47.4%)
33/37 (47.1%/52.9%)
0.5834
Median age, years, median (Q1–Q3)
79.5 (69–87)
71 (53–80)
0.0043
Reason of admission, n (%)
Dyspnea 7 (18%)
Dyspnea 36 (51%)
0.0009
Heart failure 14 (37%)
Heart failure 7 (10%)
0.0017
Pneumonia 9 (24%)
Pneumonia 7 (10%)
0.0865
ND 8 (21%)
ND 20 (29%)
0.4927
Triage level, n (%)
Red 13 (34%)
Red 5 (7%)
0.0007
Orange 9 (24%)
Orange 12 (17%)
0.4511
Yellow 15 (39%)
Yellow 49 (70%)
0.6548
Green 1 (3%)
Green 4 (6%)
0.0038
Comorbidities, n (%)
Post-SCA 8 (21%)
Post-SCA 2 (3%)
0.0034
DM2 17 (45%)
DM2 13 (19%)
0.0064
Asthma 6 (16%)
Asthma 2 (3%)
0.0216
NPL 6 (16%)
NPL 2 (3%)
0.0216
CKD 13 (34%)
CKD 10 (14%)
0.0254
SCA at ED 7 (18%)
SCA at ED 3 (4%)
0.0314
HF 20 (53%)
HF 23 (33%),
0.0636
COVID-19 5 (13%)
COVID-19 2 (3%)
0.0938
OHS 1 (3%)
OHS 0 (0%)
0.3519
ILDs 1 (3%)
ILDs 6 (9%)
0.4175
COPD 3 (8%)
COPD 9 (13%)
0.5343
HT 22 (58%)
HT 41 (59%),
>0.9999
Post-ACS 6 (16%)
Post-ACS 10 (14%)
>0.9999
Stroke 2 (5%)
Stroke 5 (7%)
>0.9999
Post-COVID-19 1 (3%)
Post-COVID-19 1 (1%)
>0.9999
OSA 1 (3%)
OSA 2 (3%)
>0.9999
PE 1 (3%)
PE 1 (1%)
>0.9999
SBP median (Q1–Q3), mmHg
109 (85–130)
140 (123–167)
<0.0001
DBP median (Q1–Q3), mmHg
66 (46–78)
84 (70–95)
<0.0001
MAP median (Q1–Q3), mmHg
83 (58–93)
103 (89–118)
<0.0001
SpO2 median (Q1–Q3), %
92 (82–96)
96 (92–98)
0.0037
Oxygen therapy at the ED, n (%)
No data 3 (8%)
No data 5 (7%)
Own breath 9 (24%)
Own breath 36 (51%)
0.006
Oxygen mask 15 (39%)
Oxygen mask 23 (33%)
0.5202
HFNOT 2 (5%)
HFNOT 0 (0%)
0.1202
IMV 8 (21%)
IMV 5 (7%)
0.0575
NIV 1 (3%)
NIV 1 (1%)
>0.9999
Time spent at the ED, median (Q1–Q3), hours
6.75 (4–12)
5 (3.5–8.5)
0.21
ACS, acute coronary syndrome; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM2, diabetes mellitus type 2; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ED, emergency department; HF, heart failure; HFNOT, high-flow nasal oxygen therapy; HT, hypertension; ILDs, interstitial lung diseases; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; IQR, interquartile range; NIV, noninvasive ventilation; NPL, neoplasma; ND, neurological disorders; NS, nonsignificant; OHS, obesity hypoventilation syndrome; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; PE, pulmonary embolism; SCA, sudden cardiac arrest; SBP, systolic blood pressure. Continuous data were presented as median and IQR. Categorical data were presented as total number and %. For the clarity, in each table the P < 0.05 has been highlighted in bold letters.
