Evolution of Friction and Permeability in a Propped Fracture under Shear

Figure 7

(a) Fracture surface before shearing, (b) fracture surface after shearing at a normal stress of 1 MPa, (c) fracture surface after shearing at a normal stress of 3 MPa, and (d) fracture surface after shearing at a normal stress of 5 MPa. The number of striations increases as the normal stress increases.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)