Geohazard Caused by Groundwater in Urban Underground Excavation

Table 1

Significant accidents in construction of underground metro system caused by groundwater in Asia Pacific region from 2001 to 2006.

Locations	Causes	Consequence
Taipei, Taiwan	Leakage of tunnel eye	More than 100 residential houses damaged
Shanghai, China	Failure of cross passage	Collapse or tilting of several buildings
Kaohsiung, Taiwan	Leakage of tunnel eye	Seven buildings damaged and 40 families evacuated
Kaohsiung, Taiwan	Leakage of diaphragm wall	A nearby hospital was endangered
Guangzhou, China	Rupture of water main led to collapse of diaphragm wall	3 persons fell into sinkhole and one person severely injured
Taipei, Taiwan	Rupture of water main	A large sinkhole
Taipei, Taiwan	Leakage of tunnel eye	A large sinkhole
Kaohsiung, Taiwan	Leakage of diaphragm wall	4 buildings collapsed and 3 buildings severely damaged
Kaohsiung, Taiwan	Failure of cross passage	The tunnel, together with the underpass above the tunnel, about 100 m in length were totally damaged
Beijing, China	Rupture of sewer	A large sinkhole