Ground Settlement of High-Permeability Sand Layer Induced by Shield Tunneling: A Case Study under the Guidance of DBN

Figure 7

The variation curve of surface settlement and segment uplifting with construction parameters.

(a) Impact of soil pressure

(b) Impact of jack thrust

(c) Impact of cutter head torque

(d) Impact of tunneling speed

(e) Impact of grouting volume

(f) Impact of grouting pressure

(g) Impact of permeability coefficient

(h) Impact of slurry density