Dynamic Response Analysis of Retaining Dam under the Impact of Solid-Liquid Two-Phase Debris Flow Based on the Coupled SPH-DEM-FEM Method

Table 2

Comparison between numerical solution and empirical value of the maximum impact force.

	20°	30°	40°	50°
Kwan empirical value/kN	3618	6452	7728	9896
Method used in this paper/kN	3032	5626	6917	9124
Error/%	16.2	12.8	10.5	7.8