Stability of the Foundation of Buried Energy Pipeline in Permafrost Region

Figure 1

Frost hazards along the buried energy pipelines in permafrost regions: (a) uplift of the buried Golmud-Lhasa product oil pipeline above the ground modified by [3]; (b) water pond in thaw subsided ditch along the China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline (CRCOP) from Mo’he to Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, modified by [4]; (c) bulged uplift of the Norman Wells Pipeline above the ground modified by [5]; (d) thaw settlement along the CRCOP in 2011 modified by [6]; (e) the exposed gas pipeline by landslide in western Siberia modified by [7]; (f) the floating up of the gas gathering system in northern Urengoy, Siberia, modified by [8].

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