Investigation of the Thermal Performance of Energy Tunnel Equipped with the Insulation Layer Considering Ventilation and Groundwater Seepage

Table 1

Experimental devices of thermal response model tests for the energy tunnel.

Experimental devices	Specifications
Thermal insulation tank	Maximum water head: 5 m; volume: 18 L.
Constant temperature tank	Heating power: 6 kW; volume: 1000 L; water head of pump: 9 m; flow velocity: 30 L/min.
Constant temperature bath	Heating power: 4 kW; volume: 18 L; water head of pump: 2 m; flow velocity: 6 L/min.
Air blower	Maximum wind speed: 5 m/s.
Flow meter	Accuracy of liquid mass flow meter (DMF-1-1-A): ±0.2%; measuring range: 0-40 kg/h.
Temperature sensor	Accuracy of resistance temperature detector (HSRTD-3-100-A): ±0.15°C.
Ultrasonic anemometer	Measuring range: 0-40 m/s; accuracy: 0.01 m/s.