Seepage Analysis for Construction, with Applications to Some Projects in Hong Kong

Figure 2

Hydrostatic pressures on the wall in Figure 1. Note that the dashed blue line (left 1) means the upstream water pressure on the wall stem without seepage, the real bold blue line (left 2) means the upstream water pressure on the wall stem with seepage, the real cyan line (left 3) means the net water pressure on wall stem with seepage, the dashed black line (left 4) means the downstream water pressure on wall stem without seepage, and the real bold black line (left 5) means the downstream water pressure on the wall stem with seepage.