Seepage Analysis for Construction, with Applications to Some Projects in Hong Kong

Figure 5

Hydrostatic pressures on the wall for the problem in Figure 3. Summing the total force and moments on the wall due to the seeping water on b. Note that the dashed blue line (left 1) means the upstream water pressure on the wall stem without seepage, the real bold blue line (left 2) means the upstream water pressure on wall stem with seepage, the real cyan line (left 3) means the net water pressure on the wall stem with seepage, the dashed black line (left 4) means the downstream water pressure on the wall stem without seepage, and the real bold black line (left 5) means the downstream water pressure on the wall stem with seepage.