Experimental Investigation on Frost Heaving Force (FHF) Evolution in Preflawed Rocks Exposed to Cyclic Freeze-Thaw Conditions

Figure 9

Optimal combinations to maximize the frost heaving force: (a–d) plots of the optimal factors of flaw width, flaw length, flaw cement type, and rock lithology, respectively.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)