Prediction of Vibration Velocity of Bench Blasting Reflecting Negative Elevation Effect

Table 3

Comparison of calculation accuracy of blasting vibration speed.

Distance (m)		Measured value	Sas (level)		Sas (space)		Improved 1		Improved 1		Improved 1		Step (negative)
Level	Vertical		Prediction	Error	Prediction	Error	Prediction	Error	Prediction	Error	Prediction	Error	Prediction	Error
126	36.4	0.986	0.607	38.4%	3.124	216.9%	1.819	84.5%	1.842	86.8%	1.809	83.4%	1.793	81.9%
172	36.4	1.061	0.475	55.3%	1.396	31.5%	1.454	37.0%	1.492	40.6%	1.465	38.0%	1.452	36.9%
182	62.3	0.927	0.454	51.0%	1.090	17.5%	1.000	7.9%	1.007	8.7%	0.984	6.1%	0.975	5.2%
193	62.3	1.107	0.433	60.9%	0.942	14.9%	0.959	13.4%	0.970	12.4%	0.947	14.5%	0.939	15.2%
252	72.4	0.458	0.351	23.4%	0.465	1.5%	0.721	57.4%	0.735	60.6%	0.717	56.6%	0.711	55.3%
316	72.4	0.266	0.294	10.3%	0.259	2.5%	0.613	130.3%	0.631	137.3%	0.615	131.4%	0.610	129.4%
65	1.7	19.624	1.024	94.8%	21.514	9.6%	19.580	0.2%	19.787	0.8%	20.033	2.1%	19.864	1.2%
83	1.7	16.696	0.844	94.9%	10.988	34.2%	16.420	1.7%	16.596	0.6%	16.801	0.6%	16.660	0.2%
100	22.7	2.906	0.728	74.9%	6.147	111.5%	2.879	0.9%	2.933	0.9%	2.894	0.4%	2.869	1.3%
117.7	22.7	4.164	0.640	84.6%	4.001	3.9%	2.560	38.5%	2.621	37.0%	2.586	37.9%	2.564	38.4%
141.4	45	1.108	0.554	50.0%	2.225	100.8%	1.468	32.5%	1.481	33.6%	1.451	30.9%	1.439	29.8%
168.6	45	1.114	0.482	56.7%	1.425	27.9%	1.293	16.1%	1.318	18.3%	1.291	15.9%	1.280	14.9%
195	45	0.96	0.430	55.2%	0.977	1.8%	1.165	21.3%	1.194	24.4%	1.170	21.9%	1.160	20.8%
Average relative error				57.73%	44.20%		33.98%		35.54%		33.82%		33.12%

Note: relative error: .