In Situ Monitoring and Numerical Experiments on Vertical Deformation Profiles of Large-Scale Underground Caverns in Giant Hydropower Stations

Table 2

Physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock and concrete shotcrete.

Rock quality/constitutive relationship	Bulk modulus; (GPa)	Shear modulus; (GPa)		(MPa)	Tensile strength; (MPa)	Dip of joint; (°)	Joint
II/mohr	16.6	12.5	1.48	2.51	3.51	/	/
III/ub (with gentle fissure)	12.3	7.4	1.11	1..86	1.22	20	0.7
III/ub (with steep fissure)	12.3	7.4	1.11	1.86	0.86	70	0.7
Concrete spraying layer/elas	25.0	11.5	/	/	/	/	/

mohr: Mohr Coulomb model; elas: isotropic elastic model; ub: ubiquitous joint model.