Freeze-Thaw Effects on Stability of Open Pit Slope in High-Altitude and Cold Regions

<table class="table-group" id="tab9"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Lithology</td><td class="align_center">Deformation modulus <svg height="8.68572pt" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.13765 8.68572" width="8.13765pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M593 650H142L136 622C219 616 224 611 209 531L130 120C114 39 108 34 23 28L17 0H501C518 32 557 130 568 158L540 169C519 132 495 93 469 70C439 43 409 35 332 35C272 35 241 37 225 50C211 61 211 89 222 149L253 320H350C441 320 443 312 441 239H471L510 434H481C455 366 448 358 360 358H260L303 572C311 613 312 615 348 615H431C509 615 522 603 532 581C544 555 546 531 545 491L574 493C583 555 592 631 593 650Z"></path></g></svg> (GPa)</td><td class="align_center">Internal friction angle <i>φ</i> (°)</td><td class="align_center">Cohesion <svg height="6.1673pt" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 5.39742 6.1673" width="5.39742pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M383 397C383 424 344 448 299 448C244 448 172 409 132 375C66 319 23 227 23 146C23 42 74 -12 146 -12C208 -12 298 30 359 103L343 124C315 95 248 48 192 48C145 48 111 85 111 163C111 228 129 294 151 330C171 363 201 401 241 401C275 401 302 384 325 356C332 347 339 344 348 348C373 360 383 381 383 397Z"></path></g></svg> (MPa)</td><td class="align_center">Poisson ratio</td><td class="align_center">Unit weight (kN/m<sup>3</sup>)</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Mudstone</td><td class="align_center">2.78</td><td class="align_center">21.4</td><td class="align_center">0.220</td><td class="align_center">0.25</td><td class="align_center">23.42</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="6"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Strength parameters of mudstone rock mass on No. 4 minefield slope.</div>

Geofluids

tab9

Table 9

Table 9: Freeze-Thaw Effects on Stability of Open Pit Slope in High-Altitude and Cold Regions 