Study on the Pressure Drop Variation and Prediction Model of Heavy Oil Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow

<table class="table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Oil well type</td><td class="align_center">Middle depth of the oil layer (m)</td><td class="align_center">Tubing size</td><td class="align_center">Casing size</td><td class="align_center">Bubble point pressure (MPa)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Straight well</td><td class="align_center">3487</td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 64.3459ptpx;"><svg height="15.4397pt" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.2582 64.3459 15.4397" width="64.3459pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M456 178V225H360V632H320C217 496 115 347 20 206V178H280V106C280 40 276 34 189 27V0H445V27C364 34 360 39 360 106V178H456ZM280 225H82C149 335 214 431 278 520H280V225Z"></path></g><g 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327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,58.39,-.065)"><path d="M323 549L316 585C302 600 218 636 190 624L84 81L142 54L323 549Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,60.71,-.065)"><path d="M323 549L316 585C302 600 218 636 190 624L84 81L142 54L323 549Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center"><span style="width: 52.0678ptpx;"><svg height="15.5493pt" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.2582 52.0678 15.5493" width="52.0678pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M244 635C114 635 38 519 38 422C38 317 111 240 217 240C236 240 255 244 277 256L345 292C311 140 203 39 59 15L64 -15C89 -15 150 -5 204 17C339 72 440 202 440 386C440 521 368 635 244 635ZM228 602C326 602 352 479 352 390C352 370 351 347 348 324C327 308 293 296 258 296C174 296 124 369 124 458C124 517 152 602 228 602Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.241,-5.741)"><path d="M158 548H390L417 615L410 623H122L83 318C105 326 143 337 185 337C296 337 350 275 350 188C350 116 308 42 225 42C164 42 122 74 100 93C90 101 82 99 72 92C60 82 51 68 50 59C48 46 52 38 66 24C82 9 125 -12 172 -12C225 -11 292 15 346 59C408 108 437 166 437 226C437 309 371 397 242 397C214 397 170 382 133 369L158 548Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.673,-5.741)"><path d="M381 704H317L48 -163H112L381 704Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.128,3.132)"><path d="M253 635C142 635 71 555 71 471C71 401 113 353 178 316C144 294 106 267 91 252C70 231 46 202 46 157C46 51 132 -12 241 -12C328 -12 442 52 442 168C442 257 379 305 311 343C354 373 380 398 388 407C406 428 417 458 417 487C417 568 348 635 253 635ZM240 600C288 600 340 563 340 481C340 423 313 387 279 360C207 394 148 427 148 499C148 549 182 600 240 600ZM252 23C188 23 129 73 129 163C129 217 162 266 211 298C289 260 360 217 360 144C360 69 312 23 252 23Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,19.56,-.065)"><path d="M323 549L316 585C302 600 218 636 190 624L84 81L142 54L323 549Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0065,0,0,-0.0065,21.88,-.065)"><path d="M323 549L316 585C302 600 218 636 190 624L84 81L142 54L323 549Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.293,0)"><path d="M535 230V280H323V490H265V280H52V230H265V-3H323V230H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.83,0)"><path d="M447 623H65C61 580 56 530 47 475H76C100 541 106 550 172 550H388C308 376 196 170 91 -1L98 -12L172 -2C268 204 360 408 455 611L447 623Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,45.072,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,48.11,-5.741)"><path d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"></path></g></svg></span></td><td class="align_center">18.34</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Water content (%)</td><td class="align_center">Gas oil ratio</td><td class="align_center">Relative density of water</td><td class="align_center">API gravity of crude oil</td><td class="align_center">Relative density of natural gas</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">0</td><td class="align_center">52.97</td><td class="align_center">1.13</td><td class="align_center">17.68</td><td class="align_center">0.99</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Production (m<sup>3</sup>/d)</td><td class="align_center">Wellhead oil pressure (MPa)</td><td class="align_center">Bottom hole flow pressure (MPa)</td><td class="align_center">Wellhead temperature (°C)</td><td class="align_center">Bottom hole temperature (°C)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">550.56</td><td class="align_center">7.48</td><td class="align_center">27.46</td><td class="align_center">20</td><td class="align_center">96</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="5"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Basic parameters of well XXXX-004.</div>

Geofluids

tab5

Table 5

Table 5: Study on the Pressure Drop Variation and Prediction Model of Heavy Oil Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow 