Study on the Reinforcing Effects of the FRP-PCM Method on Tunnel Linings for Dynamic Strengthening

Table 1

Mechanical behaviors of ground, lining, and back-filling material.

Properties	Ground class				Lining	Back-filling material
	CI	CII	DI	DII
(kN/m^3)	23.5	22.6	21.6	20.6	24	9.8
(MPa)	1960	980	490	147	24500	12
	0.3	0.3	0.35	0.35	0.2	0.13
(MPa)	1.96	0.98	0.49	0.196	6.99	0.5
(deg)	45	40	35	30	40	10
(MPa)	0.39	0.42	0.19	0.06	3	0.2