Mechanical Effects of Solid Water on the Particle Skeleton of Soil: Mechanism Analysis

Figure 4

Illustration of a single soil particle-tank system with constant water pressure and nongravity: (a) the water tank with a soil particle with solid-water layer (indirect contact), (b) the water pressure and hydration force transmitted by solid water onto the particle surface, (c) the water tank with a soil particle without interface solid-water layer (direct contact), and (d) the water pressure, contact pressure, and contact force on particle surface.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)