Numerical Study on the Fracture Properties of Concrete Shield Tunnel Lining Segments

Figure 3

Superposition principle for SGBEM-FEM Alternating Method: (a) the uncracked global structure modeled by simple FEM; (b) the cracked local subdomain modeled by SGBEM; (c) the FEM model subjected to residual stresses; (d) alternating solution for the original problem.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)