Numerical Study on the Mechanism and Application of Artificial Free Surfaces in Bedrock Blasting of Shield Tunnels

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2021/9988120/figures/9988120.fig.0015a.svgz" name="9988120.fig.0015a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Without an artificial free face</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2021/9988120/figures/9988120.fig.0015b.svgz" name="9988120.fig.0015b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>With an artificial free face</td></tr></table>

<div>Schematic diagram of the selected surface particles.</div>

Geofluids

fig15

Figure 15

Figure 15: Numerical Study on the Mechanism and Application of Artificial Free Surfaces in Bedrock Blasting of Shield Tunnels 