Temperature Field of Artificially Frozen Gravel Formation and Optimization of Freezing Pipe Layout Parameters under Seepage Flow

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2022/1597645/figures/1597645.fig.007a.svgz" name="1597645.fig.007a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Equidistant distribution</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static-preview.hindawi.com/articles/geofluids/volume-2022/1597645/figures/1597645.fig.007b.svgz" name="1597645.fig.007b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Optimized layout</td></tr></table>

<div>Frozen wall and seepage flow at freezing duration of 20 d.</div>

Geofluids

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Figure 7

Figure 7: Temperature Field of Artificially Frozen Gravel Formation and Optimization of Freezing Pipe Layout Parameters under Seepage Flow 