Overburden Deformation Rule in Super High Seam Fully Mechanized Caving Mining of Thick Unconsolidated Stratum

Table 1

Physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rock properties.

Lithology	Density ()	Bulk modulus (GPa)	Shear modulus (GPa)	Cohesion (MPa)	Tensile strength (MPa)	Angle of internal friction (°)
Coarse sand mudstone	2700	6.2	4.8	10.8	11.79	39
Sandy mudstone	2691	9.22	6.91	10.80	9.45	38
Mudstone	2450	5.57	3.18	3.25	1.09	30
Coal	1334	2.66	1.16	1.52	0.65	27
Mudstone	2100	4.17	2.38	2.50	0.80	30
Gritstone	2691.6	9.22	6.91	10.80	9.45	38